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On May 4, 1969, James Forman, a prominent black activist known for his leadership in the Civil Rights Movement, made a dramatic statement at The Riverside Church. Forman, a former Executive Secretary of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and a key figure in pivotal events like the 1964 Freedom Summer and the 1965 Selma to Montgomery marches, demanded reparations from white churches and synagogues.
As ministers solemnly proceeded through the church to the tune of “When Morning Gilds the Skies,” Forman ascended the pulpit and began to read from The Black Manifesto, a set of demands endorsed by the National Black Economic Development Conference. This manifesto called for financial compensation from white religious institutions for their historical complicity in the oppression of black people. It highlighted their reliance on support from wealthy individuals who had benefited from slavery and the exploitation of communities of color.
However, Forman’s attempt to articulate the reasons behind his interruption was met with resistance. The organist drowned out his voice with the hymn “May Jesus Christ be Praised,” while the preaching minister, Rev. Dr. Ernest Campbell, led a silent walkout by much of the congregation.
This incident thrust The Riverside Church and the issue of reparations into the national spotlight, sparking intense debate and reflection within faith communities. The concept of reparations continues to be a subject of intellectual and moral contention, with ongoing discussions about its ethical implications and practical implementation.
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